Biography Zone

James Bond, code name 007, is a fictional character created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming, who featured him in twelve novels and two short story collections. There have been six other authors who wrote authorized Bond novels or novelizations after Fleming's death in 1964: Kingsley Amis, Christopher Wood, John Gardner, Raymond Benson, Sebastian Faulks and Jeffery Deaver, a new novel written by William Boyd, is planned for in 2013.  In addition, Charlie Higson wrote a series on a young James Bond and Kate Westbrook wrote three novels based on the diaries of a recurring series character, Moneypenny.
The fictional British Secret Service agent has also been adapted for television, radio, comic and video game formats, besides being used in the longest running continuously and the franchise's second highest grossing film to date, which began in 1962 with Dr. No, starring Sean Connery as Bond. From 2012, there have been movies twenty-three Eon Productions series. The latest Bond film, Skyfall, starring Daniel Craig in his third Bond role: it is the sixth actor to play Bond in the Eon series. There have also been two independent productions of James Bond films, Casino Royale, a parody of 1967, and Never Say Never Again, a remake of an earlier film 1983 Eon-produced, Thunderball.

The films are famous for a number of features, including the musical, with songs for films having collected Oscar nominations on several occasions. Other important elements that run through most of the films include Bond cars, weapons and gadgets that came with by Section Creation and inspiration
Main articles: James Bond (character) and Inspirations for James Bond
As the central figure of his works, Ian Fleming created the fictional character of James Bond, an intelligence officer in the Secret Intelligence Service, commonly known as MI6. Bond was also known by its code number 007, and was a Royal Naval Reserve Commander.

Name

Fleming took the name for his character of the American ornithologist James Bond, a Caribbean bird expert and author of the definitive guide to the Birds of the West Indies field; Fleming, an amateur birdwatcher himself, had a copy of Bond guide and explained below. ornithologist's wife that "It struck me that this name brief, unromantic, Anglo-Saxon and yet very masculine was just what I needed, and thus was born one second James Bond" He further explained that:

When I wrote the first in 1953, wanted to be a Bond boring, uninteresting man to whom things happened, and I wanted it to be a blunt ... when I was casting around for a name for my protagonist I thought by God, (James Bond) is the name most boring I've ever heard.
Ian Fleming, The New Yorker, April 21, 1962
On another occasion Fleming said: "I wanted the simplest, dullest, simplest sounding name I could find was' James Bond 'much better than something more interesting, like' Peregrine Carruthers Exotic things would happen to him and his around but. would be a neutral figure, an instrument anonymous, blunt in the hands of a government department ".

Inspiration

Fleming based his fictional creation of a number of individuals who met while in the Naval Intelligence Division during World War II, admitting that Bond "is a compound of all the secret agents and the types of commands that I met during the war ". These guys were his brother, Peter, who had been involved in operations behind the lines in Norway and Greece during the war. In addition to Fleming's brother, a number of others also provided some aspects of Bond up, including Conrad O'Brien-ffrench, Patrick Dalzel-Job and Bill "Biffy" Dunderdale.

Tastes

Fleming Bond also endowed with many of its own features, including sharing the same golf handicap, a taste for scrambled eggs and use the same brand of toiletries. Bond tastes are also often taken as was Fleming's own behavior, with Bond's love of golf and the game itself reflecting Fleming. Fleming used his experiences of his espionage career and all other aspects of his life as inspiration for writing, including the use of names of school friends, acquaintances, relatives and lovers through their books.
It seems

View Hoagy Carmichael-Fleming James Bond.
Fleming decided Bond should look a little like both singer Hoagy Carmichael and himself and in Casino Royale, Vesper Lynd remarks, "Bond reminds me rather of Hoagy Carmichael, but there is something cold and ruthless." Likewise, in Moonraker, Special Branch Officer Gala Brand thinks that Bond is "certainly good-looking ... something like Hoagy Carmichael in a way. That black hair falling over his right eyebrow. Much the same bones. But there was a bit cruel in the mouth and the eyes were cold. "

Background

It was not until the penultimate novel, You Only Live Twice, that Fleming gave Bond a sense of family history. The book was the first to be written after the release of Dr. No in cinemas and Sean Connery's portrayal of Bond affected Fleming interpretation of the character, to give Bond both a sense of humor and Scottish history that were not present in the previous stories. In an obituary of fiction, supposedly published in The Times, Bond's parents were given as Andrew Bond, from village of Glencoe, Scotland and Monique Delacroix, of the Canton of Vaud, Switzerland. Fleming Bond gave no date of birth, but John Pearson fictional biography of Bond, James Bond: The Authorized Biography of 007, Bond gives a birth date on 11 November 1920, while a study by John Griswold puts the date November 11, 1921Q.

James Bond In Film


The James Bond film series is a British series of spy films based on the fictional MI6 agent James Bond, "007", which originally appeared in a series of books by Ian Fleming. It is one of the longest continually running film series in history, having been in ongoing production from 1962 to present (with a six-year hiatus between 1989 and 1995). At that time Eon Productions has produced 23 films, usually produced at Pinewood Studios. The series has grossed just over U.S. $ 5 million to date, making it the second film series Top Grossing (behind Harry Potter),  and the most successful single adjusted for inflation Six players have filed 007 in the Eon series.

Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman co-produced most of Eon films until 1975, when he became the sole producer broccoli. The only exception was during this period of Thunderball, where Broccoli and Saltzman became executive producers, while Kevin McClory produced. Broccoli Between 1984 and 1989 was accompanied by his stepson Michael G. Wilson as a producer until 1995, when Albert Broccoli stepped aside Eon and was replaced by his daughter Barbara, who has co-produced with Wilson since. Broccoli (and until 1975, Saltzman) family company, Danjaq, has held ownership of the series through Eon, and maintained co-ownership with United Artists since the mid 1970s. The series has seen continuity Eon both main actors, but also the production equipment, with directors, writers, composers and production designers, among others, to be employed through a series of movies.

Since the release of Dr. No (1962) for For Your Eyes Only (1981) films are distributed solely by United Artists. When Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer bought United Artists in 1981, MGM / UA Entertainment Co. was formed and distributed the films until 1995. MGM solely distributed three films from 1997 to 2002 after United Artists retired as a general survey. From 2006 to present MGM and Columbia Pictures have co-distribute the film series, following 2005 acquisition of MGM by a consortium led by Columbia's parent company, Sony Pictures Entertainment. In November 2010, MGM filed for bankruptcy after its emergence from bankruptcy, Colombia has been co-production partner with Danjaq series.

Regardless of the Eon series, there have been three additional productions with the character of James Bond: an adaptation of the 1954 American television, produced by CBS Casino Royale, a 1967 spoof, Casino Royale, produced by Charles K. Feldman, and a remake of Thunderball titled 1983 Never Say Never Again produced by Jack Schwartzman, who had obtained the rights to the film of Kevin McClory.

• Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman (1962—64)

Adam Osborne (6 March 1939-18 March 2003) was a Thailand-born British-American author, book and software publisher and designer team who founded several companies in the United States and other countries.

Adam Osborne was one of the important and influential role in the early history of the manufacture of personal computers (PC). She was born in Thailand in 1939, and spent her childhood in Tamil Nadu, South India, with both parents are British. He moved to England at the age of 11 years. In 1961 he graduated from the University of Birmingham, UK, as a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering. After that, he moved to the United States and completed his education at the University of Delaware and earned a doctorate in chemical engineering. Later, he worked at a mining company Shell Oil.

Like most people who are always thinking creatively, Osborne felt uncomfortable in living life as an employee at a large corporation. He did not stay long in Shell and resigned from the company. He then realized that he really enjoys his new job as a guidebook writer, especially about the book that will guide the development of a new computer. In the early 1970s, he got his new job as the author of a manual for Intel's new microprocessor computer company.

Osborne continued job loss as a writer and in 1972 tried to establish Osborne and Associates, a company engaged in the field of writing computer manuals are simple, straightforward, and easy to read for computer enthusiasts. He also wrote a book entitled "The Value of Power", which later changed its title to "An Introduction to Microcomputers". He tried to offer his book to a publisher who was in town. However, unfortunately, the book was rejected. He never gave up. Then, he decided to try to publish his book itself.

In the event of a computer user in a club, he was showing his book to Bruce Van Natta of AMSAI, one of the famous computer company in the U.S.. After reading the book, Van Natta interested and decided to include a book on any computer IMSAI will be sold. With a good start and mutual benefit, as well as the belief that people will seek rollicking guide books about computers that can be easily read and understood, Osborn tried to set up his own publishing company called Osborn Books.

Five years later, Osborne Books publisher has published more than 40 titles of books about computers. Then in 1979, for one thing, Osborne sold his publishing company to McGraw-Hill. At the same time, he began trying to write a column for the magazine Computer Interface Age and Infoworld. He was pretty sure the computer will be really useful if it is a mobile computer (can be taken anywhere) and dynamic with the people who use them, and can be used anytime and anywhere people were. He began to think that someday a computer company that existed at the time would have understood the concepts (ideas) in the head. However, the computer company that is not yet ready with his concepts. Having sold his publishing company, Osborn began diverting energies to designing a portable computer, attractive, easy to use, and powerful.

In March 1980, the show "West Coast Computer Faire", he met with Lee Felsenstein, an expert in designing circuit boards for processor technology. Felsenstein start a business engaged in manufacturing hardware (hardware). Its hardware company that not only manufactures portable computers, but also offers its software.

Felsenstein began interested in following an idea proposed by Osborne, he began designing a portable computer, which can be stored under the seat in an airplane. The computer weighs only 24 pounds, has a display (display) 52 columns that would fit on a 5-inch screen, protective tube, and 2 disk drives. In order to meet the needs of a small display, Felsenstein trying to store information in a single screen memory, and provide convenience to the users when they press the buttons in order to roll up display screen.


Once the hardware is realized, Osborne tried to contact several software providers and make arrangements to provide and CBASIC language BASIC, WordStar word processing and data processing programs SuperCalc on each computer. Sotware-market price of the software is about $ 2,000, which caused Osborne to raise the original price of each unit sold. Osborne began to introduce his new computer, named the Osborne 1, the "West Coast Computer Faire" in April 1981. The computer is a portable computer that software is the first to be obtained at a price of $ 1,795 and is a surprising and promising breakthrough to achieve a successful sale. In September 1981, Osborne Computer cooporation (OCC) scored his first sale of millions of dollars. In fact, Osborne 1 became one of the best-selling PC and many were sold that quickly reach peak sales of approximately 10,000 units per month.

In the second year, the company owned by Osborne achieve sales target of 70 million dollars. It overwhelm its competitors, such as IBM and Apple. It was very aggravated when Osborne announced his new computer, Executive, long before the goods are ready for the market. This makes the consumers stopped buying the Osborne 1 while waiting for a new computer that will be issued. However, unfortunately, in September 1983, without known with certainty, OCC went bankrupt. Because sales are not selaris sales Executive Osborne 1.

In the spring of 1984, Osborne returned to the publishing business. His new firm called Paperback Software International Ltd.. Initially, he attempted to publish an inexpensive software to rival expensive softwares that are available in the market at that time. The first time, the idea was to see success and he was able to take over and attract consumers, especially computer companies in the UK. Osborne's most successful product is a data processing program called VP Planner. Unfortunately, Lotus Development Corporation feels that the program violated patents of their program, Lotus 1-2-3. In 1987, Lotus demand software, and billing software licenses. After going through a long process of trial, the court ultimately decided that the doubling of Lotus 1-2-3 menu interface of the software violated the patent.

However, Adam Osborne is an inventor of genius on how to make a portable computer that gives easiness for computer users. No doubt, brilliant ideas will be very useful for people who use computers today. Adam Osborne died in Kodiakanal, southern India, on March 25, 2003 after a prolonged illness on the brain. ***

(Yayan Sofyan Suri, Alumni Faculty IPB Bogor, from various sources) ***